Celtic Studies:
La Tene is on the edge of a lake in
Switzerland and became an archaeological site in 1857 and continued as such until 1917 when excavations were halted. La Tene
came to be used as a term to identify a period of Iron Age cultural development and its associated technological, craft and
artistic styles. The La Tene culture was more closely associated with Celtic language speaking people and developed within
areas of an earlier culture known as the Hallstatt culture during the fifth century BCE in the heartland of Europe in an area
now occupied by parts of Germany, Switzerland, Austria and France. It is this La Tene culture that we identify most as Celtic
and it is this period of culture that figures most prominently in our study of the ancient Celts. The La Tene culture
came to a halt as Celtic areas fell to Roman conquest but survived and developed in Ireland untouched until the coming of
a foreign religion began to bring the last of the La Tene Celts into line with most of the rest of Europe.
Druidry:
The following excerpt is from a traditional
Highland prayer of blessing. It is here translated into English from the Gaelic with a simple modification rendering the plural
gods. Notice that it is a blessing for peace and how it is placed upon the home, the entrances to the home, the bed, upon
everything seen and consumed and upon body and soul.
The peace of Gods, the peace of men, be upon each window and
upon each door, upon each opening that lets in light, upon the four corners of my house, upon the four corners of my bed,
upon each thing my eye takes in, upon each thing my mouth takes in, upon my body that is of earth and upon my soul that came
from on high.
Ethics/morality:
Let’s examine the three
qualities valued in the following Irish triad and described as sisters. To be described as sisters means that these are conceptualized
as being related to one another as qualities and to be described as well-bred means that they are thought to demonstrate good
breeding. Constancy is the ability to stay firm and be dependable. When one has constancy others feel that they can depend
on or trust that person. Eloquence is the ability to be well spoken, but well- spoken does not just mean to have pretty speech
but to communicate clearly saying what is meant and meaning what is said. Kindliness includes compassion and gentleness but
it is also the ability to show respect to others and to make an effort to make your dealings with others just a bit more pleasant.
Three
well-bred sisters, constancy, eloquence, kindliness.
Myth:
Pryderi… Fionn… Llew… Cu Chulain…
Conchobar. Celtic myth abounds with kings and heroes, their tasks, journeys, successes and failures. These kings and
heroes teach us about Celtic character ideals and values. They also teach us some of the character flaws to be avoided. The
king is supposed to be the center of the people and so the point around which order is established, and a connection between
the people and the land. When the king is true and just the people and the land prosper and when the king is unjust or untrue
the people and the land suffer. The hero is the warrior who protects the order from disruption and chaos of the world outside
of the people and is honored and celebrated. But when the heroes fail, they can themselves become the force of disorder and
destruction which threatens the safety of the people. We are able to see in these heroes all that we ourselves can become
from the protector to the monster we see the potential born of our humanity. We study these myths in order to study
ourselves and to here the wisdom and warnings of our ancient ancestors in these stories which are of those ancient voices.
Cosmology/Theology:
The directions have symbolic significance
in Celtic cosmology. Our clearest view of Celtic cosmology is known from Irish sources though Welsh sources do seem to fall
into line with what is known. The directions are named according to their relationship to the center or sacred center, in
fact, some people would go so far as to consider ‘here’ to be a direction. The significance of ‘here’
is the significance of the sacred center and the other directions are named according to a person standing in the center of
the land and facing the east where the night and the day are born. In ancient Celtic languages the names of the direction
translate to mean ‘before’ for east, ‘behind’ for west, ‘to the left’ for north and ‘to
the right’ for south. East has the significance of being representative of the future and of growth and prosperity.
West has the significance of the past, of traditions and learning. North is the direction of the warriors who protect and
defend order and is also seen as a direction from which the gods come. South is a direction of the outside, of new and strange
things and is also the direction of music.
Spirituality/ritual:
We have in Comhaltacht Draiocht,
a system of clergy. A clergy person is called Draoi in the case of a priest and called Bandraoi in the case of a priestess.
Our clergy people serve on a council known as the Comhairle Draoithe which means Druids Congress, the people serving on this
council are clergy of two natures one being the people selected by the local congregations or Pobal to act as their clergy
and to represent them on this council, and the other being the people who have completed an approved clergy training or seminary
program and have been ordained by the council. Each Pobal chooses a person to act as their clergy representative and that
person receives ministerial credentials weather that individual has been ordained or not.
The nature of the Draoithe is
that they are the representatives of the people to the sacred and are never considered to be the representatives of the sacred
to the people. The ordained Draoithe are simply educated experts in dealing with the sacred but their agency always comes
from the people and never from the Gods. Respect is shown to the Draoithe due to their education and service of the Gods,
ancestors and people. We call this type of Clergy Sacrificial Clergy because they oversee the offerings and performance of
group ritual as the face of the people looking toward the sacred.
Our clergy are not considered to be mediators or
intercessors between the sacred and the people but they are specialists in dealing with the sacred. While our clergy certainly
are available to perform various sacramental and sacrificial functions there are no sacramental or sacrificial functions which
we consider exclusive to our clergy.
Self awareness:
A daily constitutional is a long running
European tradition which allows one to regularly get outside and take a walk. It serves as a walking meditation which is good
for the mind and the body and can help feed the spirit. The physical benefits of mild to moderate, regular exercise is well
documented and a daily constitutional is easily modified to suit most people according to time allowances and personal ability.
No club membership is required so it can serve people of all economic backgrounds. A constitutional can be taken on the sidewalk
in your neighborhood, a park or in the fields and forests. The exercise helps get the blood circulating, oxygenating
the system with fresher outdoor air and helps relieve stress. It can give one a period of time to think or contemplate the
day to day events of life and so exercise the mind along with the body. Druidic spirituality for many involves the outdoors
to a great extent and a daily constitutional gets one outside where they can more deeply explore that aspect of their own
spirituality. Be it a gentle 20 minute walk or a brisk hour it is a valuable activity because it is one of the few activities
that has equal, physical, mental and spiritual benefits. Requiring no trainer, instructor, appointments or fees it is an activity
which can easily fit into most lives and life styles.
If you are physically able, make an effort this month to take daily
constitutional walks as time and weather permit. Take a moment to stop during the walk and stand for a few moments of deep
breathing and do some mild stretches or loosening calisthenics such as toe touches, shoulder rotations, arm circles, hip and
neck rotations, lunges and squats. At the end of the month assess you general physical, mental and spiritual well being. How
do you feel during your walk? How do you feel after your walk? Have do you feel in general? Does your body feel better; have
you reduced the physical manifestations of stress? How do you feel mentally and emotionally are you calmer with a better sense
of well being? How about your own spiritual connection to your surroundings, are you more spiritually in touch?
World awareness:
Each of us uses water, and that water
has to come from somewhere and end up somewhere. Explore your local water ecology find out the source for the drinking and
bathing water in your community. What is the nature of sewage treatment in your community, is there a sewerage system or do
you use individual septic systems? Does you community ever have drought or flood conditions? Is there much consumer chemical
run off from private lawn care and if so how does that affect local bodies of water and the ecological system of and around
those bodies? Does your government have any programs for maintaining the ecology of and around waterways?
Expressions:
Dance can take many forms and give many
types of expression. Dance as an expressive form has a very special quality in being kinetic, it moves. To be certain dance
conveys meaning to the observer, but the participant is in the dance not doing it, not making it, not watching it; a part
of it, moving with it feeling it in the body. A creature with two pulses the beat of the heart of the dancer and the pulse
of the rhythm of the dance. Dance can be as gentle as a peaceful swaying or it can be a frantic physical explosion. Be it
traditional dance done to exacting steps for generations or a spontaneous physical experience dance is experienced through
physical feeling. Dance can be a meditation that is sublime and it can be a visceral expression of thins which cannot be said,
things and feelings for which there are not words, experiences which cannot be described only felt. Dance can be individual
as are many of the forms of expression but dance also can involve a group and so it can be one of those rarer corporate forms
of expression. From the most skilled dancer to the simplest untrained rhythmic swaying and twirling of thy completely untrained
dance is an active and moving expressive form that is felt in a way that many other forms of expression are not.